Edward Fortunatus

Edward Fortunatus (or in German Eduard Fortunat) of Baden (17 September 1565 – 8 June 1600) was Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Baden-Baden.

Life and work

Born in London, Edward was the son of Christopher II, Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern and Swedish Princess Cecilia Vasa. He received his name from Queen Elizabeth I of England, who was his godmother.[1] He spent his first year at the Royal Hampton Court Palace, England.

When his father died in 1575, he became the Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern. His guardian, Duke William V of Bavaria, gave him a Catholic upbringing and in 1584 he converted from Lutheranism to Catholicism,[2] as his mother had already done.

The strife between Catholics and Protestants divided Edward's family, and on 18 November 1589 he hosted a colloquoy in the Town Hall at Baden to discuss the relative claims of Catholicism (represented by Johann Pistorius), Lutheranism (represented by Andreä and Jacob Heerbrand), and Calvinism, represented by Schyrius, but it caused only a hardening of viewpoints.[3][4]

On 13 March 1591 in Brussels he made a non-church marriage with Maria of Eicken (1569 - 21 April 1636), daughter of Joost of Eycken, the Governor of Breda, which he regularised only on 14 May 1593,[5] after she had borne him a daughter. They ultimately had four children but due in part to his wife's lesser antecedents they were never recognised as his inheritors by Ernst Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, who succeeded him.[6]

In 1587 he visited his relatives in Sweden, and accompanied his cousin Sigismund III Vasa, King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (and also later King of Sweden) to Poland and in 1588 was appointed by him to head the Polish customs and mines. The same year he inherited Baden-Baden, reuniting it with Baden-Rodemachern. However, he treated the Lutherans harshly and squandered the resources of the territory, and his marriage and children were not approved of by his relatives.[3] In 1594 therefore a relative, Ernst Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach, took over the whole of Baden-Baden. (Edward's sons were only reinstated in 1622 after the Battle of Wimpfen, when their Catholicism gave them an advantage.[7][8])

Edward inherited debts from his parents and aggravated them.[9] After losing his margravate, he lived in various castles and attempted to raise money by coining money,[10] alchemy and black magic, bringing Paul Pestalozzi of Clavella and Mascarello of Chio from Padua to assist him, and succeeded in causing pain to Ernst Friedrich by sticking pins in a wax effigy.[11] He is also reported as having sought to have Ernst Friedrich killed by poisoning.[12][13] He also supposedly seduced and caused the death of the daughter of his castellan at the Yburg, which is now ruined and haunted by her ghost.[14]

In 1597 he was sent to Germany to recruit mercenaries on behalf of the Government of Spain.[15] In 1598 he participated in his cousin Sigismund's attempt to regain Sweden from his uncle Charles IX and in the Battle of Stångebro. Edward was captured and briefly imprisoned by the Danes. [16]

He died in 1600 at Castle Kastellaun as a result of falling down a stone staircase, possibly while drunk.[17]

Children

Edward Fortunatus
Born: 19 February 1559 Died: 7 June 1588
Preceded by
Christopher II		 Margrave of Baden-Rodemachern
1575-1588		 Succeeded by
himself
as Margrave of Baden-Baden
Preceded by
Philip II		 Margrave of Baden-Baden
1588-1596		 Succeeded by
William

References

  1. ^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, Biography, and Manners, in the Reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth, and James, Volume 1, Bensley, 1838, p. 437.
  2. ^ Lebensbilder aus Baden-Württemberg‎, Kommission für Geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg, 2005, p. 5 (German).
  3. ^ a b Charles Francis Coghlan, The Beauties of Baden-Baden and Its Environs, London: F. Coghlan, 1858, p. 14 (wrongly stating 1569).
  4. ^ John M'Clintock and James Strong, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature, Volume 8, New York: Harper, 1894, p. 237
  5. ^ Eugen von Chrismar, Genealogie des Gesammthauses Baden: vom 16. Jahrhundert bis Heute, Gotha: Friedrich Andreas Perthes, 1892, p. 124 (German).
  6. ^ Max Bauer, Die Deutsche Frau in der Vergangenheit, Berlin: Alfred Schall, n.d. [1907], p. 398 (German).
  7. ^ Cambridge Modern History, Ed. A.W. Ward, G.W. Prothero, Stanley Leathes, volume 4, The Thirty Years' War, New York: Macmillan, 1906, repr. 1911, pp. 79, 84
  8. ^ "Die Sponheimische Successionssache," Hermes, oder, Kritisches Jahrbuch der Literatur, Volume 31 (1828), 265-301, p. 289 (German).
  9. ^ von Chrismar, p. 78 (German).
  10. ^ Henry Montague Hozier and William Henry Davenport Adams, The Franco-Prussian War: Its Causes, Incidents, and Consequences, volume 2, London: William MacKenzie, 1872, p. 76
  11. ^ Charles Knox, Traditions of Western Germany: The Black Forest, the Neckar, the Odenwald, the Taunus, the Rhine, and the Moselle, volume 1, The Black Forest and Its Neighbourhood, London: Saunders and Otley, 1841, "The Image at the Yburg," pp. 167-68, 170-74
  12. ^ von Chrismar, p. 127 (German)
  13. ^ Werner Baumann, Ernst Friedrich von Baden-Durlach: die Bedeutung der Religion für Leben und Politik eines Süddeutschen Fürsten im Zeitalter der Gegenreformation, Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 1962, p. 76 (German).
  14. ^ Knox, pp.167-77.
  15. ^ Friedrich Back, Die Evangelische Kirche im Lande zwischen Rhein, Mosel, Nahe und Glan: Bis zum Beginn des Dreißigjährigen Krieges, Bonn: Adolph Mareus, 1872-1874, p. 518 (German)
  16. ^ von Chrismar, p. 123 (German).
  17. ^ Sharpe's London Magazine, Volume 10 (1850), p. 315.